Which term refers to specialized jobs and a flow of information primarily from above in an organization?

The term that refers to specialized jobs and a flow of information primarily from above in an organization is known as a mechanistic structure. This type of organizational structure is characterized by a clear hierarchy and defined roles, where tasks are divided into specialized functions, and communication typically follows a top-down approach. In mechanistic organizations, there is often a high level of formalization and standardization, which contributes to efficiency in operations, especially in stable environments.

This structure is particularly effective in environments where routine tasks and clear procedures are essential, as it allows for better control and coordination of activities. The emphasis on specialization helps ensure that tasks are performed by individuals who have the appropriate expertise, leading to efficiency and reliability in outcomes. Overall, mechanistic structures are often seen in larger organizations or those operating in industries that require strict adherence to guidelines and regulations.