What are hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory?

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors are conditions related to the work environment that, when absent or inadequate, can lead to job dissatisfaction among employees. These factors do not motivate employees to work harder or increase job satisfaction; instead, they merely prevent dissatisfaction. Examples of hygiene factors include salary, company policies, fringe benefits, physical working conditions, and relationships with others in the workplace. If these elements are perceived as unfavorable or lacking, employees may become dissatisfied, which could impact their overall performance and motivation.

Understanding this concept is essential because it highlights that merely providing hygiene factors might not lead to job satisfaction or increased motivation; instead, organizations must also focus on motivational factors, such as achievement and recognition, to help enhance an individual’s job satisfaction and promote greater engagement in their work.