Nonverbal communication includes which of the following?

Nonverbal communication encompasses the use of body language, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and other forms of nonverbal cues to convey messages. These elements play a critical role in interpersonal interactions, often conveying emotions and reactions that words alone may not fully express. Eye contact can demonstrate attentiveness and confidence, while body movements can indicate openness or defensiveness.

In contrast, written letters, formal speeches, and email correspondence rely exclusively on verbal or textual communication. These methods do not incorporate nonverbal elements, which are essential in interpreting the full meaning behind interactions. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the importance of nonverbal cues in effective communication. Understanding this aspect enables individuals to enhance their communication skills by being more aware of the messages conveyed through body language and other nonverbal methods.