Groupthink is characterized by which type of decision making?

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group when the desire for harmony and conformity leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcomes. This tendency can result in a lack of critical analysis, as members suppress dissenting viewpoints, prioritize consensus, and avoid challenging the prevailing norms or decisions.

In situations characterized by groupthink, the group's cohesion and desire to maintain a unified front often overpower the need for thorough evaluation of alternatives. This results in decisions that may overlook risks or dismiss innovative ideas, ultimately leading to poor choices. The group becomes more focused on agreeing with one another rather than critically analyzing the situation, which can detrimentally affect the quality of decisions made.

The other options highlight decision-making styles that are contrary to the principles of groupthink. Independent and rational decision making suggests a careful, analytical approach that allows for diverse perspectives. Open and constructive criticism of ideas encourages healthy debate and exploration of various viewpoints, which are essential for effective decision-making. Flexible and adaptive group dynamics imply responsiveness to changing circumstances and input from all group members, which is stifled in a groupthink scenario.